Name of functional group → hydroxyl
Alcohols:
The aliphatic, hydroxyl compounds which are obtained from Aliphatic hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of aliphatic hydrocarbons [ alkanes, alkenes, alkynes] with equal number of hydroxyl (-OH) group called alcohols.
Alkyl alcohols :
The monohydric alcohols obtained from alkanes by replacing one hydrogen atom with one hydroxyl group with general formula R-OH CnH2n+ 1 OH called alkyl alcohols.
Nomenclature of Alkyl Alcohols [alkanols]
1. Common name system :
I) The monohydric alcohols of alkanes are called alkyl alcohols.
II) Use the prefixes n, Iso & neo whenever necessary.
III) Use the prefixes sec. & tert. when -OH group bonded to secondary & tertiary carbon atoms respectively.
2. IUPAC system :
Rule No. 1:
Select the longest carbon chain with -OH group.
Count the number of carbon atoms in normal chain only.
Find the name of parent alkane.
Replace ending 'e' of an alkane with 'ol' suffix. Thus it becomes 'alkanol'.
Rule No. 2:
Give the numbering to carbon atoms from that terminal carbon atoms nearest to -OH group.
Rule No. 3:
Give name & position of branched group.
Give the position of -OH group.
Rule No. 4:
If alcohol contains 2,3,4 similar branched use the prefixes di. tri & tetra respectively.
Rule No. 5:
The alcohol contains dissimilar branched group suggest their names by alphabetical order.
| SL. No | Formula | Common name | IUPAC name | ||
| 1 |  |
Methyalcohol | methanol | ||
| 2 |  |
Ethyalcohol | ethanol | ||
| 3 |  |
n-Propylalcohol | n-propanol OR propan-1-ol |
||
| 4 |  |
IsoPropylalcohol OR Sec.Propylalcohol |
2-propanol OR propan-2-ol |
||
| 5 |  |
n-Butylalcohol | 1-butanol OR butan-2-ol |
||
| 6 |  |
IsoButylalcohol | 2−methylptopsn−1−ol | ||
| 7 |  |
Sec.Butylalcohol | butan-2-ol | ||
| 8 |  |
tert.Butylalcohol | 2-methylpropan-2-ol | ||
| 9 |  |
Vinylalcohol | ethenol |
||