Hind brain

 Hind brain is the most posterior region of the brain. It includes cerebellum, Pons varolli and medulla oblognata. Cerebellum is the second largest region of brain and well developed in man. It is present between occipital region of cerebrum and medulla oblongata. It is solid and weight 11%. It is made up of two lateral cerebellar hemispheres and one median vermis. Cerebellum has outer grey matter and inner white matter. Outer grey region is called cerebellar cortex which also shows folds (folia) as gyri and sulci like cerebrum. The inner white medulla which sends branching tree like processes in grey cortex called Arbor vitae. Cerebellum is centre for controlling equilibrium, posture, balancing and orientation. It is also regulatory centre for neuromuscular activities and controls the activities like walking, runnung, working, speaking etc. It coordinates voluntary muscular movements. Brain stem is made up of pons and medulla. Pons Varolli is present below cerebrum and in front od cerebellum above the medulla oblongata. It contains mainly the nerve fibres which form bridges between cerebrum and medulla obongata. It has outer white matter and inner grey matter. Pons co-ordinates activities of two cerebellar hemispheres. Medulla oblongata is the most posterior part of the brain which containues as a spinal cord. Medulla has inner grey matter and outer white matter. Medulla controls involuntary vital functions like heart beats, respiration, vasomotor activities and peristalsis. It also controls non viral reflex activities like coughing, sneezing, swallowing, vomiting, yawning, hiccupping etc. Injury to medulla causes, sudden death as vital functions are immediately stopped. Pons and  medulla enclose fourth ventricle. The roof of medulla has posterior choroid plexus. It secretes CSF.